Gait Analysis
Seyed Mehran Ayati Najafabadi; Alireza Hashemi Oskouei; Seyed Masoud Rafiaei
Volume 15, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 141-150
Abstract
Balance in daily movements like as stair ascending is a challenge for the people with leg lengths discrepancy (LLD). These people change their pattern of movement to compensate the difference between legs’ length. Due to the changes in movement pattern, body's center of mass which is one of the ...
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Balance in daily movements like as stair ascending is a challenge for the people with leg lengths discrepancy (LLD). These people change their pattern of movement to compensate the difference between legs’ length. Due to the changes in movement pattern, body's center of mass which is one of the important factors in maintaining balance can be varied. Compensatory insoles are used to compensate for short legs. The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the center of mass, with and without using insoles in people with leg length discrepancy when climbing stairs. In this practical cross-sectional study, the movement of 20 participants while climbing stairs in two groups of healthy people and people with LLD was recorded by a three-dimensional movement analysis system. Changes in pelvic, knee and ankle joint angles were calculated with the 7-member Euler method. Then the rotation and transferring matrixes were defined by using the joint angles to determine the torque arm of the limbs. By the total body torque method, the center of mass changes in three directions were obtained. Then, these changes were compared between the experimental and control groups using independent and paired t-test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that the displacement of the center of mass in all three directions was significantly higher for people with different leg length differences when comparing with healthy people (p<0.05). The results also showed that range of movement has no significant different in the Vertical axis between normal and LLD people (p>0.05) when using insole. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the use of compensatory insoles alone cannot make changes in the center of mass as one of the indicators to measure the balance in climbing stairs like normal people.
Gait Analysis
Seyed Mehran Ayati Najafabadi; Alireza Hashemi Oskooi; Seyed Masoud Rafiaei
Volume 15, Issue 1 , May 2021, , Pages 73-85
Abstract
People who suffer from leg length discrepancy (LLD) due to the shortening of one side of the lower extremities change their movement pattern because of using compensatory mechanisms. Methods such as manipulating a compensating insole are used to correct the movement pattern to normal. Therefore, the ...
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People who suffer from leg length discrepancy (LLD) due to the shortening of one side of the lower extremities change their movement pattern because of using compensatory mechanisms. Methods such as manipulating a compensating insole are used to correct the movement pattern to normal. Therefore, the knowledge of movement pattern changes in with and without using of insoles can help to develop rehabilitation methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics of the lower extremities of people with leg length discrepancy during stair climbing with and without using insoles. Twenty participants including 10 normal and 10 LLD people took part in this study. Their movement on stair was recorded using a 7 camera 3-D motion analysis system. Changes in the angles of the hip, the knee and the ankle joints were calculated by the 7-member Euler model and compared by independent and paired sample t-test at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was a significant difference between healthy people and people with LLD without using insoles. These people had higher extension of the knee, pelvis and ankle at the initial contact and toe off in sagittal plane and more knee and pelvis range of movement, less adduction of the knee and pelvis at the initial contact in frontal plane, higher internal and external rotation of pelvis at the initial contact and ankle in toe off in horizontal plane (p<0.05). The results also showed that maximum abduction of the pelvis and maximum adduction of the ankle, maximum internal rotation and the value of the angle of the knee and ankle had no significant different between normal and LLD people (p>0.05) when using insoles. Therefore, the use of insoles can correct some parameters of the movement pattern of the lower joints.
Gait Analysis
Maryam Hajizadeh; Alireza Hashemi Oskouei; Farzan Ghalichi
Volume 11, Issue 3 , September 2017, , Pages 201-210
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most costly knee injuries, usually occurring to young athletes, often leading to functional instability, inability to return to previous levels of physical activity, and premature osteoarthritis (OA). The main function of ACL is controlling anterior ...
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most costly knee injuries, usually occurring to young athletes, often leading to functional instability, inability to return to previous levels of physical activity, and premature osteoarthritis (OA). The main function of ACL is controlling anterior tibia translation as well as axial tibia rotation. Therefore, patients with ACL deficiency (ACLD) have to use different compensatory mechanisms and kinematic changes to maintain their stability during different activities. The study aims to measure the reliability of knee kinematics and ground reaction force during stair negotiation. Fifteen participants with unilateral ACLD ascended 4-step staircase, where 8-10 reflective markers was inserted on each segment of lower extremity. Five-camera VICON system and 10-camera VICON system were used in the first and second phase of study, respectively. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated for each parameter in the knee events during stair climbing. The results showed high consistency of kinematic parameters and GRF components was handled through reliability and repeatability calculations. ICC (2,5) showed similar values in injured and healthy contralateral leg with the range of (0.59-0.98) for all knee joint rotation and GRF components.
Gait Analysis
Maryam Hajizade; Alireza Hashemi Oskouei; Farzan Ghalichi; Farhad Tabatabai Ghomshe; Mohammad Razi; Gisela Solo
Volume 9, Issue 1 , April 2015, , Pages 17-31
Abstract
Patients with ACL deficiency (ACLD) have to use different compensatory mechanisms to maintain their stability during daily activities. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in 3D kinematics and peak ground reaction forces (GRF) between ACL deficient legs and healthy contralateral legs ...
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Patients with ACL deficiency (ACLD) have to use different compensatory mechanisms to maintain their stability during daily activities. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in 3D kinematics and peak ground reaction forces (GRF) between ACL deficient legs and healthy contralateral legs during stair ascent. Eight subjects with unilateral ACL deficiency participated in this study. Healthy contralateral legs were considered as control group for further comparisons to ACL deficient legs. A six camera VICON motion analysis system and 2 portable force plates were used to record the locomotion while walking up custom-made stairs with two different step heights. Advanced OSSCA technique was used to assess tibiofemoral knee kinematics, a combination of symmetrical axis of rotation (SARA), symmetrical center of rotation estimation (SCoRE) and optimal common shape technique (OCST). The results of this study show that participants with ACLD experienced different kinematics and peak GRFs in different step heights (p<0.05). During ascending stairs with 17cm height, legs with ACLD exhibited less varus, more external rotation and less impact peak in pre-swing stance and early swing phase compared to contralateral healthy leg (p<0.05). The other stair height, 20 cm, resulted in more extension, more valgus and more external tibia rotation in injured leg compared to contralateral leg during terminal extension of stance phase (p<0.05). In both step heights, injured leg reached it maximum extension peak at an earlier time. The results of this study imply that participants with ACLD make use of different 3D rotational tiobiofemoral kinematics and different GRF compared to healthy contralateral leg. These compensatory mechanisms would finally bring about different knee joint loading, which provides the potential of cartilage degeneration and early osteoarthritis.
