Cognitive Biomedical Engineering
Zahra Soltanifar; Hamid Behnam; Anahita Khorrami Banaraki; Mojtaba Khodadadi; Behnoosh Hamed Ali; Ali Golbazi Mahdipour
Volume 15, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 235-246
Abstract
The pattern of abnormal gaze is observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Studies of eye movements in people with autism have shown significant difference in the pattern of staring at the eyes and mouth compared to control groups. Yet, findings have been contradictory to date, and in spite ...
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The pattern of abnormal gaze is observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Studies of eye movements in people with autism have shown significant difference in the pattern of staring at the eyes and mouth compared to control groups. Yet, findings have been contradictory to date, and in spite of the fact that previous studies on eye dazzling in people with autism are expanding, the findings still do not appear to be consistent. Thus, we tracked eye movements in face processing for 25 teenagers with autism and 25 teenagers from the control group to examine any abnormal concentration in the facial areas. Experimental task used in this study includes standard images of the emotional states of the male and female faces (roundness of the face) in the state of anger, surprise, happiness, sadness and neutrality and subjects looked at these faces, while the eye tracker recorded their eye movements. In this task, they were required to select the displayed emotional state by the reply box. The selected Boosted Trees Ensemble classifier was able to use features related to the total data received from eye tracking in face segmentation into 8 areas (forehead, right and left eye, right and left cheek, nose, mouth and chin) with an accuracy of 83.31% in separating the two groups of autism and control. Moreover, in the study of facial components, left eye, left cheek, right cheek, and right eye, with 84.18%, 83.85%, 82.73% and 81.25% accuracy respectively, were able to make the most difference in the classification. Non-normal patterns in eye gaze can be very important because biomarkers indicate a condition that can be used for early diagnosis. It can also be a guide for researchers to design a game based on the results of this paper to improve the social interactions by strengthening eye contact for people with autism.
Biomedical Image Processing / Medical Image Processing
Alireza Rahimpour; Abbas Nasiraei Moghaddam
Volume 6, Issue 3 , June 2012, , Pages 195-205
Abstract
Nowadays eye gaze tracking has wide range of applications in human computer interaction. One of these applications is using trajectory of eye gaze instead of foot or hand for disabled people to execute some commands. Various methods have been proposed, some of this methods can successfully track the ...
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Nowadays eye gaze tracking has wide range of applications in human computer interaction. One of these applications is using trajectory of eye gaze instead of foot or hand for disabled people to execute some commands. Various methods have been proposed, some of this methods can successfully track the eye gaze. However, they always require specific circumstances, training or are not capable of real-time performance. In this paper, we proposed a framework to track eye gaze in real-time by using a simple and low cost webcam mounted on ordinary laptops. This process widely exploits the weighted normalized correlation function in an adaptive template matching approach. The implemented system tracks the face and also extracts some eye features such as iris position, eye corners and sclera region in eyes, in real time. These features are used in eye gaze estimation. Also the influence of illumination changes, background alterations, different faces and face movements is minimized as much as possible. The implemented gaze tracking system is able to control the motions of mouse cursor and click on an onscreen keyboard in real time.
Rehabilitation Engineering
Diako Mardanbeigi; Mohammad Reza Mallakzadeh
Volume 4, Issue 4 , June 2010, , Pages 267-278
Abstract
This paper investigates prototyping an online, low-cost, video based and applicable eye tracker, which is called "Dias Eye Tracker". Disabled people can use the proposed system to communicate with computer. What have made the system different from the other low-cost eye trackers, are the accuracy of ...
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This paper investigates prototyping an online, low-cost, video based and applicable eye tracker, which is called "Dias Eye Tracker". Disabled people can use the proposed system to communicate with computer. What have made the system different from the other low-cost eye trackers, are the accuracy of gaze estimation, the different application parts of the software and the lightweight wireless hardware, which can be mounted on the user’s head. This paper introduces the software/hardware and the methods of the system. In addition, two methods of pupil tracking have been compared together, and an uncertainty analysis on the mapping function of the system has been done. The performance of the designed eye tracker has been evaluated by analyzing the answers to the three questionnaires, which were filled by disabled people after performing three specific tasks. The results show that the system performs well for interaction with computer.