نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد مهندسی پزشکی، گروه بیوالکتریک، دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران

2 دانشیار، گروه بیوالکتریک، دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران

3 استادیار، گروه بیوالکتریک، دانشکده مهندسی برق، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران

چکیده

موضوع تحریک الکتریکی مغز و کاربردهای گسترده آن، یکی از موضوعات مهم در بحث فیزیولوژی عصبی است. در روش­های تحریک الکتریکی مغزی، پس از اجرای جراحی و کاشتن الکترود، پالس­های الکتریکی به سمت نقاط مشخص مغز ارسال می‌شود. این روش تحریک، مزایای درمانی برای کنترل درد­های مزمن، کنترل رعشه، کنترل بیماری پارکینسون، کنترل افسردگی و همچنین کنترل اختلال حرکتی­عصبی دارد. یکی از زمینه‌هایی که در آن به‌تازگی پیشرفت‌های خوبی در آن صورت گرفته ­است، کنترل حرکت و جهت­دهی حیوانات در مسیر خاص است. در تمام موارد ذکرشده، شناسایی نقاط هدف برای تحریک مناسب در ناحیه از مغز، اهمیت زیادی دارد. برای توسعة مدل­های رفتاری جدید و با هدف ایجاد یک بستر ارتباطی با سیستم عصبی حیوان در فرآیند یادگیری حرکت در موقعیت‌های مکانی، از سیستم جهت­دهی حیوان بر‌مبنای تحریک الکتریکی استفاده می­شود. از تحریک الکتریکی مغز هم به‌عنوان راهنمایی با ایجاد حس مجازی و هم به‌عنوان عامل انگیزشی با ایجاد حس پاداش مجازی برای هدایت و جهت‌دهی حیوان استفاده شده است. در این مقاله، مروری بر انواع رویکردها، اصول و روش‌های تحریک­ الکتریکی مغزی استفاده‌شده در این کاربرد، انجام شده است. ­

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Brain Electrical Stimulation for Animal Navigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Masoud Ahmadi 1
  • Sepideh Farakhor Seghinsara 1
  • Mohamad Reza Daliri 2
  • Vahid Shalchyan 3

1 M.Sc. Student, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The brain stimulation and its widespread use is one of the most important subjects in studies of neurophysiology. In brain electrical stimulation methods, following the surgery and electrode implantation, electrodes send electrical impulses to the specific targets in the brain. The use of this stimulation method is provided therapeutic benefits for treatment chronic pain, essential tremor, Parkinson’s disease, major depression, and neurological movement disorder syndrome (dystonia). One area in which advancements have been recently made is in controlling the movement and navigation of animals in a specific pathway. It is important to identify brain targets in order to stimulate appropriate brain regions for all the applications listed above. An animal navigation system based on brain electrical stimulation is used to develop new behavioral models for the aim of creating a platform for interacting with the animal nervous system in the spatial learning task. In the context of animal navigation the electrical stimulation has been used either as creating virtual sensation for movement guidance or virtual reward for movement motivation. In this paper, different approaches and techniques of brain electrical stimulation for this application has been reviewed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rat Robot
  • Brain Computer Interface
  • electrical stimulation
  • Cyborg Intelligence
  • Brain to Brain Interface
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