نوع مقاله: مقاله کامل پژوهشی
نویسنده
استادیار، دانشکده‌ی مهندسی برق، پزشکی و مکاترونیک، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین
چکیده
خواب، یکی از فرایندهای ضروری برای حفظ و بهبود فعالیت‌های انسان می‌باشد، در حالی که هنوز بسیاری از جزئیات آن به درستی شناخته نشده است. خواب کاهش یافته یا بریده شده، یکی از ریسک‌های سلامتی به شمار می‌آید که می‌تواند باعث وقوع بیماری‌های قلبی یا دیابت و هم‌چنین انحطاط هوشیاری و شناخت گردد. چند پارگی خواب، به پدیده‌ای گفته می‌شود که در آن محرومیت از خواب به طور کامل اتفاق نمی‌افتد، اما خواب فرد به طور متناوب با انگیختگی‌هایی که منشا آن‌ها عوامل خارجی (نویز) یا عوامل داخلی (آپنه) است، آشفته می‌شود. مدل‌سازی ریاضی یک ابزار مناسب برای شناخت مکانیسم‌های پیچیده‌ی بیولوژیکی است. در این مقاله، مدلی از پدیده‌های اساسی تنظیم چرخه‌ی خواب–بیداری، پیاده‌سازی شده، دینامیک آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و سپس عواملی که سبب بروز آپنه‌ی انسدادی خواب می‌شوند، شناسایی و ارزیابی می‌گردند. این مدل شامل دو جمعیت نورونی اصلی می‌باشد: 1- سیستم تحریک صعودی مغز در ساقه‌ی مغزی، که مسئول ایجاد بیداری است و 2- جمعیت نورونی VLPO از هیپوتالاموس، که خواب را شکل می‌دهد. این دو منطقه، در مهار متقابل قرار داده شده و انتقال بین دو حالت رفتاری خواب و بیداری را به صورت سوئیچی پدید می‌آورند. نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که هیسترسیس موجود در انتقال بین خواب و بیداری، تحت تاثیر عواملی که باعث انگیختگی می‌شوند، کوچک و ناپایدار شده و به تبع آن، انتقال‌های سریع پدید می‌آید. مدل ارائه شده در این تحقیق توانسته است برخی از نتایج آزمایشگاهی در خصوص خواب آپنه‌ی انسدادی را بازتولید نماید.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Modeling Obstructive Sleep Apnea using Dynamical Phase Transition
نویسنده [English]
- Somayeh Raiesdana
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Electrical Department, Biomedical and Mechatronic Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]
Sleep is an essential process to maintain and improve human activities, while many details related to sleep are still not well understood. Decreased or fragmented sleep is a health risk that might result in heart disease or diabetes on one hand and degradation of consciousness and cognition on the other hand. Sleep fragmentation is a phenomenon in which an individual's sleep is intermittently disrupted by arousal caused by external factors (noise) or internal factors (apnea) although sleep deprivation does not completely occur. Computational modeling is a suitable framework for understanding complex biological mechanisms. In this paper, the fundamental phenomena underlying the sleep-wake transition was reviewed and simulated. The dynamical behavior of model was then investigated and afterwards the factors that might cause obstructive sleep apnea were implemented and evaluated. The model includes two main neuronal populations: the ascending arousal system in the brain stem that is responsible for awakening and a neuronal population in the hypothalamus, called VLPO, which mediates sleep. These populations have mutual inhibition on each other causing a flip-flop or switching behavior between sleep and wake. The results of modeling in this paper showed hysteresis in the sleep-wake cycle, the size of which is affected by factors causing arousal. In OSA, intermittent and unstable transitions as well as the shrinking of bistable zone is expected. The model could reproduce some experimental results related to obstructive apneas.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- sleep modeling
- dynamical phase transition
- obstructive sleep apnea
- arousal
- hysteresis
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