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بررسی ارتباطات عمل‌کردی غیرخطی با استفاده از نظریه‌ی گراف و داده‌های تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عمل‌کردی حالت استراحت در بیماری آلزایمر

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی علوم و فناوری‌های پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده‌ی مهندسی برق، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده‌ی فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

10.22041/ijbme.2020.128322.1598

چکیده

تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عمل‌کردی روشی غیرتهاجمی برای بررسی عمل‌کرد مغز از طریق نوسانات فرکانس پایین سیگنال­های وابسته به سطح اکسیژن خون می­باشد. آنالیز عمل‌کردی شبکه‌های مغزی بر پایه‌ی سری­های زمانی تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عمل‌کردی معمولا با استفاده از محاسبه‌ی ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین نواحی مختلف مغز انجام می­شود. از آن‌جا که همبستگی پیرسون ارتباطات خطی را آشکار ساخته و در مورد همبستگی­های غیرخطی محدودیت دارد، در این تحقیق با استفاده از روش کرنل ارتباطات عمل‌کردی غیرخطی در داده­های تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی عمل‌کردی بیماران آلزایمر مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. روش کرنل با افزایش بعد فضا و انجام محاسبات در فضای جدید که معادل رابطه‌ی غیرخطی در فضای اولیه است، امکان ارزیابی ارتباطات عمل‌کردی غیرخطی را فراهم می­سازد. برای ساخت گراف­های وزن­دار بدون جهت از توابع کرنل مختلف با پارامترهای گوناگون استفاده شده، سپس ویژگی­های سراسری گراف از جمله درجه، قدرت، طول مسیر مشخصه، ماژولاریتی، جهان کوچک و بهره­وری محاسبه شده و آنالیز آماری غیرپارامتری جایگشتی انجام می­شود. نتایج آنالیز آماری نشان می­دهد که همبستگی به دست آمده از روش کرنل در مقایسه با همبستگی پیرسون تمایز بیش‌تری بین گروه بیمار و کنترل ایجاد کرده که می­تواند به دلیل وجود ارتباطاتی غیرخطی باشد که روش پیرسون قادر به آشکارسازی آن­ها نیست. هم‌چنین در بین توابع کرنل مختلف بیش‌ترین تمایز آماری هنگام استفاده از کرنل چندجمله­ای درجه‌ی سوم حاصل شده است. به منظور حصول اطمینان، از طبقه­بند ماشین بردار پشتیبان با کرنل­های مختلف نیز استفاده شده که بیش‌ترین صحت طبقه‌بندی برابر با 79/0±68/98% به دست آمده است. آنالیز شبکه‌ی حالت پایه نیز با روش کرنل و پیرسون انجام شده که در آن روش کرنل تفاوت آماری معنی­دار بیش‌تری نشان داده است. شایان ذکر است که نواحی آنگولار راست و چپ که جزئی از شبکه‌ی حالت پایه هستند با هیچ کدام از دو روش تمایزی نشان نداده و می­توان نتیجه گرفت که بیماری آلزایمر بر ارتباط عمل‌کردی این نواحی تاثیر چندانی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Non-Linear Functional Connectivity in Alzheimer’s Disease utilizing Resting State fMRI Data and Graph Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hessam Ahmadi 1
  • Emad Fatemizadeh 2
  • Alimotie Nasrabadi 3

1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Professor, Biomedical Engineering Department, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique for analyzing the brain functions through low-frequency fluctuations called the Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signals. Measurement of the functional connectivity in brain networks is usually done by the fMRI time-series through Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCC). As the PCC shows linear dependencies, in this study, non-linear relationships in the fMRI signals of the patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) were investigated using the kernel trick method. Kernel trick approach maps the input information into a higher dimension space and implements the linear calculations in a new space that is proportionate to the non-linear relationships in the primary space. After generating the weighted undirected brain graphs based on the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) atlas, different kernel functions with different parameters were applied. Then the graph global measures including degree, strength, small-worldness, modularity, and efficiencies features were computed and the non-parametric permutation test was performed. According to the results, the kernel trick method showed more significant differences with AD and healthy subjects in comparison with the simple PCC and it could be because of the non-linear correlations that are not captured by the PCC. Among different kernel functions, the Polynomial function had the best performance. Applying this kernel, the classification was done by the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. The achieved accuracy was equal to 98.68±0.79%. The Occipital and Temporal lobes and also the Default Mode Network (DMN) were analyzed and the kernel trick method showed more significant differences in all of them. It is worthwhile to mention that the right and left Angular areas of DMN showed no significant changes in none of the methods and it could be concluded that the AD does not affect this areas effectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fMRI
  • Functional Connectivity
  • Alzheimer’s Disease
  • Graph Theory
  • Kernel Trick
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نشریه‌ی علمی مهندسی پزشکی زیستی
دوره 14، شماره 3
مهر 1399
صفحه 235-249
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 خرداد 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 شهریور 1399
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