Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering (IJBME)
نشریه علمی مهندسی پزشکی زیستی

Determining Chemical Exchange Rate of the CEST Contrast Agents in the Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the Steady-State Conditions

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Author

Mohamad Reza Rezaeian

Assistant Professor, Biomedical Engineering Department, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22041/ijbme.2023.553203.1771
Abstract
The chemical exchange due to saturation transfer by applying an electromagnetic radio frequency (RF) pulse to a magnetic resonance scanner is called the CEST effect. The CEST effect depends mainly on relaxation times, chemical exchange rate, concentration of the contrast agent and RF pulse properties. Dependence of chemical exchange rate on some clinical indicators such as pH, temperature and glucose consumption, allows diagnosis diseases non-invasively. The chemical exchange rate is determined through presenting new objective function of the CEST effect in the mathematical closed form quantitatively. A new description of the optimal amplitude of the rectangular RF pulse is obtained by applying gradient-based methods on the proposed convex objective function. Chemical exchange rate is proposed at the simple representation form independent to contrast agent by reversing the optimal amplitude description for large shift frequency contrast agents. Evaluation of the objective function and the proposed relations are performed by comparing them with valid methods derived solving Bloch-McConnell equations through parametric and real data. The mean relative square error of the objective function based on the parametric data is 7.25% and for the proposed the optimal amplitude and chemical exchange rate based on the real data are 6.3% and 4.2%, respectively.

Keywords

Saturation Transfer
Optimization
Contrast Agent
CEST Spectrum Processing
Chemical Exchange Rate
Magntization Transfer

Subjects

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Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering (IJBME)
Volume 16, Issue 4
Winter 2023
Pages 281-294

  • Receive Date 05 May 2022
  • Revise Date 15 April 2023
  • Accept Date 21 April 2023

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