Modeling and Simulation of PpIX Photobleaching Mechanism to Determine Its Concentration within the Target Tissue in Photodynamic Therapy

Naghavi, Nadia; Sazgarnia, Amene; Miranbaygi, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.22041/ijbme.2010.13297

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² Associate Professor, Medical Physics Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

³ Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University

10.22041/ijbme.2010.13297

Abstract

Today, the idea of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as one of the fundamental basis of the new cancer treatment methods. One of the important issues in the application of this therapy is choosing the optimal dosimetry method. At best, PDT dosimetry should be done based on estimation of the accumulated singlet oxygen dose within the target tissue and comparison with the threshold value to ensure the efficacy of the treatment. In order to estimate the accumulated singlet oxygen level within the tissue, the most appropriate method is modeling the process of treatment. In this context, it is necessary to obtain enough information about the drug concentration within the target tissue, the amount of light absorbed by the drug, the amount of oxygen into the tissue, and the interactions between them that produce singlet oxygen. In this study modeling and simulation of the photobleaching has been investigated, considering the importance of the level of drug concentration in the target tissue which would be decreased by photobleaching. Simulation was done with Matlab software. A Comparison of simulation results with those of experimental methods showed that in the state of non-uniform drug distribution, simulation follows experimental results at the initial phase of rapid decline of drug concentration.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Marcus S.L., Photodynamic therapy of human cancer, Proceedings of the IEEE, 1992; 80 (6): 869-889.

[2] Ackroyd R., Kelty C., Brown N., and Reed M., The history of photodetection and photodynamic therapy, Photochem. Photobiol., 2001; 74: 656-669.

[3] Brown S.B., Brown E.A. and Walker I., The present and future role of photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment, Lancet Oncol., 2004; 5: 497-508.

[4] Mitton D., and Ackroyd R., A brief overview of photodynamic therapy in Europe, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2008; 5: 103-111.

[5] Dougherty T.J., Gomer C.J., and Jori G., Photodynamic therapy, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1998; 90(12): 889-905.

[6] Wilson B.C., Patterson M.S., The physics, biophysics and technology of photodynamic therapy, Phys. Med. Biol., 2008; 53: R61–R109.

[7] Amelink A., van der Ploeg van den Heuvel A., de Wolf W.J., Robinson D.J., Sterenborg H.J.C.M., Monitoring PDT by means of superficial reflectance spectroscopy, J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 2005; 79: 243-251.

[8] Zhou X.D., Pogue B.W., Chen B., Demidenko E., Joshi R., Hoopes J., Hasan T., Pretreatment photosensitizer dosimetry reduces variation in tumor response, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 2006; 64: 1211-1220.

[9] Liu B., Farrell T.J., and Patterson M.S., A dynamic model for ALA-PDT of skin: simulation of temporal and spatial distributions of ground-state oxygen, photosensitizer and singlet oxygen, Phys Med Biol, 2010; 55(19): 5913-5932.

[10] Kruijt B., de Bruijn H.S., van der Ploeg den Heuvel A., de Bruin R.W.F., Sterenborg H.J.C.M., Amelink A., and Robinson D.J., Monitoring ALA-induced PpIX photodynamic therapy in the rat esophagus using fluorescence and reflectance spectroscopy, Photochem. Photo biol., 2008; 84: 1515-1527.

[11] Zhu T.C., Finlay J.C., Hahn S.M., Determination of the distribution of light, optical properties, drug concentration, and tissue oxygenation in-vivo in human prostate during motexafin lutetium-mediated photodynamic therapy, J. Photochem. Photobiol., 2005; 79: 231-241.

[12] Robinson D.J., Bruijn H.S., van der Veen N., Stringer M.R., Brown S.B., Star W.M., Fluorescence photobleaching of ALA-induced protoporphyrin IX during photodynamic therapy of normal hairless mouse skin: the effect of light dose and irradiance and the resulting biological effect, Photochem. Photobiol. 1998; 67: 140–149.

[13] Peng Q., Warloe T., Berg K., Moan J., Kongshaug M., Giercksky K.E., Nesland J.M., 5-Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy, clinical research and future challenges. Cancer, 1997; 79: 2282-2308.

[14] Wilson B.C., Patterson M.S., Lilge L., Implicit and explicit dosimetry in photodynamic therapy: a new paradigm, Lasers Med. Sci., 1997; 12: 182-199.

[15] Foster T.H., Gao L., Dosimetry in photodynamic therapy-oxygen and the critical importance of capillary density, Radiat. Res., 1992; 130: 379-383.

[16] Aalders M.C.G., van der Vange N., Star W.M., Sterenborg H.J.C.M., A mathematical evaluation of dose-dependent PpIX fluorescence kinetics in vivo, Photochemistry and Photobiology., 2001; 74(2): 311-317.

[17] Jacques S.L., The mathematics of PDT dosimetry for cancer treatment. http://omlc.ogi.edu/pdf/PDTmath/ index. html,1998.

[18] Svaasand L.O., Dosimetry model for photodynamic therapy with topically administered photosensitizers, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine., 1996; 18: 139-149.

[19] Mang T.S., Dosimetric concepts for PDT, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2008; 5(3); 217-223.

[20] Dysart J.S. and Patterson M.S., Characterization of Photofrin photobleaching for singlet oxygen dose estimation during photodynamic therapy of MLL cells in vitro, Phys. Med. Biol., 2005; 50: 2597–2616.

[21] Dysart J.S. and Patterson M.S., Photobleaching kinetics, photoproduct formation, and dose estimation during ALA induced PpIX PDT of MLL cells under well oxygenated and hypoxic conditions, Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2006; 5:73–81.

[22] Dysart J.S., Singh G., Patterson M.S., Calculation of singlet oxygen dose from photosensitizer fluorescence and photobleaching during mTHPC photodynamic therapy of MLL cells, Photochem. Photobiol., 2005; 81:196–205.

[23] Sheng C., Hoopes P.J., Hasan T., Pogue B.W., Photobleaching-based dosimetry predicts deposited dose in ALA-PpIX PDT of rodent esophagus, Photochemistry and Photobiology., 2007; 83: 738-748.

[24] Theodossiou T., MacRobert A.J., Comparison of the photodynamic effet of exogenous photoprotoporphyrin and protoporphyrin IX on PAM 212 murin keratinocytes, Photochem. Photobiol., 2002; 76: 530-537.

[25] Stringer M.R., Kelty C.J., Ackroyd R., Brown S.B., Light dosimetry measurements during ALA-PDT of Barrett's oesophagus, Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, 2006; 3: 19-26.

[26] Juzenas P., Juzeniene A., Stakland S., Iani V., Moan J., Photosensitizing effect of protoporphyrin IX in pigmented melanoma of mice, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Cummun., 2002; 297(3): 468-72.

[27] Peng Q., Moan J., Warloe T., Nesland J.M., Rimington C., Distribution and photosensitizing efficiency of porphyrins induced by application of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid in mice bearing mammary carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer, 1992; 52: 433-443.

[28] Dolmans D.E., Fukumura D., Jain R.K., Photodynamic therapy for cancer, Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2003; 3:380-387.

[29] Reneau D.D., Bruley D.F., Knisely M.H., A digital simulation of transient oxygen transport in capillary-tissue systems (cerebral grey matter): development of a numerical method for solution of transport equations describing coupled convection-diffusion systems, AIChE J., 1969; 15: 916-925.

[30] Reneau D.D., Bruley D.F., Knisely M.H., A computer simulation for prediction of oxygen limitations in cerebral gray matter. JAAMI J., 1970; 4 (6): 211-223.

[31] Lagerlund T.D. and Low P.A., Axial diffusion and Michaelis-Menten kinetics in oxygen delivery in rat peripheral-nerve, Am. J. of Physiol., 1991; 260(2): R430-R440.

[32] Georgakoudi I., Nichols M.G., Foster T.H., The mechanism of photofrin photobleaching and its consequences for photodynamic Dosimetry, Photochem. Photobiol., 1997; 65: 135-144.

[33] Wang K.K.H., Mitra S., Foster T.H., Photodynamic dose does not correlate with lomg-term tumor response to mTHPC-PDT performed at several drug-light intervals, Med. Phys., 2008; 35(8): 3518-3526.

[34] Lagerlund T.D. and Low P.A., Mathematical-modeling of time-dependent oxygen-transport in rat peripheral-nerve. Comput. Biol. Med., 1993; 23: 29-47.

[35] Pandey S.K., Multi modality agents for tumor imaging (PET, fluorescence) and photodynamic therapy, A possible see and treat approach, Med.Chem., 2005; 48: 6286–6295.

[36] Wilson B.C., Weersink R.A., and Lilge L., Fluorescence in photodynamic therapy dosimetry, Handbook of Biomedical Fluorescence, Chapter15, New York, Basel, 2003.

[37] Farrell T.J., Patterson M.S., Hayward J.E., and Wilson B.C., A CCD and neural network based instrument for the non-invasive determination of tissue optical properties in-vivo, SPIE Proc., 1994; 2135:117–128.

Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Modeling and Simulation of PpIX Photobleaching Mechanism to Determine Its Concentration within the Target Tissue in Photodynamic Therapy

References

References

Volume 4, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
June 2010
Pages 209-218

Modeling and Simulation of PpIX Photobleaching Mechanism to Determine Its Concentration within the Target Tissue in Photodynamic Therapy

References

References

Volume 4, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3June 2010Pages 209-218

Volume 4, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
June 2010
Pages 209-218