Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University

10.22041/ijbme.2005.13582

Abstract

The beam pattern profile of an ultrasound array is of great importance in ultrasound imaging. This profile could be enhanced by weighting the elements of array. However, this technique will decreases the signal to noise ratio (S/N) and consequently the quality of the obtained image. In this study, the S/N variation in weighting process is mathematically analyzed, and a new method is proposed to optimize the weighting parameters. The main objective of the method is to provide the desired output of the beam pattern profile of the ultrasound array, as well as the highest possible S/N. The results show that S/N decreases with increasing the main lobe width of beam pattern. The decrease of S/N by weighting in full arrays is higher than in the sparse ones. Also, reducing the focusing depth has the same effect on S/N. 

Keywords

[1]     Hedrick WR, Hykes DL, Starchman DE; Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation; Mosby-Year Book, Inc; 1995.
[2]     Jensen JA; Ultrasound imaging and its modeling; Imaging of Complex Media with Acoustic and Seismic Waves; Springer Verlag Inc; 2000.
[3]     Holm S, Elgetun B; Optimization of the beam pattern of 2D sparse arrays by weighting; Proc IEEE Int Ultrasonics Symposium; Seattle, Washington, November 1995: 1345-1348.
[4]     Smith SW, Davidsen RE, Emery CD, Goldberg RL, Light ED; Update on 2D array transducers for medical ultrasound; Proc IEEE Int Ultrasonics Symposium; Seattle, Washington, November 1995: 1273-1278.
[5]     Trucco A; Thinning and weighting of large planar arrays by simulated annealing; IEEE Trans Ultrasoun, Ferroelect, Freq Contr 1999; 46(2): 347-355.
[6]     Holm S, Elgetun B, Dahl G; Properties of the beam pattern of weight and layout - optimized sparse arrays; IEEE Trans Ultrasoun, Ferroelect, Freq Contr 1997; 44 (5): 983-991.
[7]     O'Neill DJ; Element placement in thinned arrays using genetic algorithms; Proc IEEE Int Con Oseans; Vol II , 1994: 301-306.
[8]     Boni C, Richard M, Barbarossa S; Optimal configuration and weighting of nonuniform arrays according to a maximum ISLR criterion; IEEE Int Conf Acoust, Speech, Sign Proc; Vol V, 1994: 157-160.
[9]     Cardone G, Cincotti C, Gori P, Pappalardo M; Optimization of wideband linear arrays; IEEE Trans Ultrasoun, Ferroelect, Freq Contr, 2001; 48(4): 943-952.
[10] Trucco A; Synthesizing wide-band sparse array by simulated annealing; Proc MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition on OCEANS, 2001; 2: 989-994.
[11] Cardone G, Cincotti C, Gori P, Pappalardo M; Design of wide-band arrays for low side-lobe level beam patterns by simulated annealing; IEEE Trans Ultrasoun, Ferroelect, Freq Contr, 2002; 49(8): 1050-1059.
[12] Cox H, Zenskind R, Koij T; Practical supergain; IEEE Trans Acoust Speech, Sign Proc, 1986; 34(3):393-398.
[13] Rao SS; Optimization, Theory and Applications; Wiley Eastern Limited; 1984.
[14] Optimization Toolbox of MATLAB, Mathworks Inc; 2002.