Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering (IJBME)
نشریه علمی مهندسی پزشکی زیستی

Evaluation of Bone Butterfly Fracture by Controlling the Applied Load at Different Strain Rates

Document Type : Full Research Paper

Authors

Mahmoud Reza Azghani 1
Sharareh Kian-Bostanabad 2
Tara Ahmadi 2
Hamid Khabiri 2

1 Ph.D, Associate Professor in Biomechanics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

2 M.Sc, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran

https://doi.org/10.22041/ijbme.2017.72881.1266
Abstract
Long bone fracture is the most prevalent traumatic fractures that accures due to the strike and attacted load exertions, which one of them is the butterfly fracture. This type of fracture may happen with sudden and combined forces. Since in this type of fracture, the number of fracture lines is more than other types of fractures, developing a prohibitive method may be usfull. The present paper is aimed to investigate the effects of strain rate and use of fastener on butterfly fracture in bone samples. To this end, invivo sheep metacarpal bone samples were examined in four groups: distinguished based on different strain rates, loading conditions and boundry conditions. The first one underwent pure bending at rate of 20 mm/s. The second group and third group experience combined bending and axial compression at rate of 5 mm/s and 20 mm/s, respectively. Bone samples in the fourth group, however, sustained combined loading of bending and axial compression while their ends had been fixed. Comparison between the first and third groups significantly stated that exerting axial compression increases the number of butterfly fractured samples. Results show that at the higher strain rates, the number of butterfly fracture increases. Constraining the ends of the bone samples, on the other hand, led to dissipate the effects of combined loading and also high strain rate. Furthermore, a considerable accordance was observed based on Pearson Correlation test by amount of 0.947.

Keywords

Butterfly Fracture
Strain Rate
Metacarpal Bone

Subjects

[1]     G. Leitz, “Ursachen des Bruchverhaltens langer Röhrknochen: Untersucht am Beispiel der menschlichen Fibula”, Enke, vol. 6, 1970.
[2]     J. D. Currey, “Bone architecture and fracture”, Current osteoporosis reports, vol. 3, no. 2, pp.  52-56, Jun, 2005.
[3]   M. Kramer, K. Burow and A. Heger, “Fracture mechanism of lower legs under impact load”, SAE Technical Paper  pp. 730966-730986, Feb, 1973.
[4]     J. Yang, “Review of injury biomechanics in car-pedestrian collisions”, International journal of vehicle safety, vol. 1, no. 1-3, pp. 100-117, Jun, 2005.
[5]     A. Autefage, “The point of view of the veterinary surgeon: bone and fracture”, Injury vol. 31, pp. 50-93, Sep, 2000.
[6]     A. J. Nixon, “Equine fracture repair”, Saunders, 1996.
[7]     C. H. Turner, “Bone strength: current concepts”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1068, no. 1, pp. 429-446, Apr, 2006.
[8]   R. Johner and O. Wruhs. “Classification of tibial shaft fractures and correlation with results after rigid internal fixation”, Clinical orthopaedics and related research, vol. 178, pp. 7-25, Sep, 1983.
[9]     M. N. Pathria, B. C. Christine B. and D. L. Resnick, “Acute and stress-related injuries of bone and cartilage: pertinent anatomy, basic biomechanics, and imaging perspective”, Radiology, vol. 280, no. 1, pp. 21-38, Jun, 2016.
[10] A. Sharir, M.M. Barak, and R. Shahar, “Whole bone mechanics and mechanical testing”, The Veterinary Journal, vol. 177, no. 1, pp. 8-17, Jul, 2008.
[11] B.  P. Wheatley, “Perimortem or Postmortem Bone Fractures? An Experimental Study of Fracture Patterns in Deer Femora*”, Journal of forensic sciences, Vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 69-72, Jan, 2008.
[12] A. E. Furst, S. Oswald, S. Jaggin, G. Piskoty, S. Michel and J. A. Auer, “Fracture configurations of the equine radius and tibia after a simulated kick”, Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 49-58, Jan, 2008.
[13] S. Derungs, A. Fuerst, C. Haas, U. Geissbühler, J. A. Auer, “Fissure fractures of the radius and tibia in 23 horses: a retrospective study”, Equine Veterinary Education, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 313-318, Dec, 2001.
[14] E. Newman, A. S. Turner and J. D. Wark, “The potential of sheep for the study of osteopenia: current status and comparison with other animal models”, Bone, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. S277-S284, Apr,1995.
[15] R. A. Fielding, R. H. Kraft, A. Przekwas and X. G. Tan, “Development of a lower extremity model for high strain rate impact loading”, International Journal of Experimental and Computational Biomechanics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 161-186, 2015.
[16]           A. Ural, P. Zioupos, D. Buchanan, and D. Vashishth, “The effect of strain rate on fracture toughness of human cortical bone: a finite element study”, Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 1021-1032, Oct, 2011.
[17] M. B. Schaffler, E. L. Radin and D. B. Burr. “Mechanical and morphological effects of strain rate on fatigue of compact bone”, Bone, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 207-214, Jan, 1989.
Iranian Journal of Biomedical Engineering (IJBME)
Volume 10, Issue 4
Winter 2017
Pages 339-346

  • Receive Date 03 October 2017
  • Revise Date 24 October 2017
  • Accept Date 29 October 2017

Home

Contact Us