نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، آزمایشگاه سایبرنتیک و مدلسازی سیستمهای بیولوژیکی، دانشکدهی مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
2 استاد، آزمایشگاه سایبرنتیک و مدلسازی سیستمهای بیولوژیکی، دانشکدهی مهندسی پزشک، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
3 محقق پسادکتری، آزمایشگاه سایبرنتیک و مدلسازی سیستمهای بیولوژیکی، دانشکدهی مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی امیرکبیر، تهران، ایران
چکیده
در فیزیولوژی شناختی و علوم اعصاب، حافظهی مکانی بخشی از حافظه بوده که مسئول ثبت و بازخوانی اطلاعات دربارهی اجزای محیط، جهتگیری و ناوبری است. اعمال شناختی مغز از جمله ناوبری، از طریق فعالیتهای دارای همبستگی و دنبالهای نواحی مختلف مغز شکل گرفته و اجرا میشوند. طبق تحقیقات انجام شده، فرایند ناوبری عمدتا به عملکرد هیپوکمپ و بخش گیجگاهی میانی مرتبط است و بازیابی حافظهی مکانی از این نواحی تحت کنترل ناحیهی پیشانی و مشخصا قشر پیشپیشانی میانی انجام میشود. با توجه به عدم وجود یک مدل شناختی و محاسباتی جامع از فرایند ناوبری در مسیر یاد گرفته شده، مبهم بودن اطلاعات انتقالی بین واحدها و همچنین دور بودن بسیاری از مدلهای ارائه شده با واقعیت اتفاق افتاده در تبادل اطلاعات در این فرایند شناختی مغز، در این مقاله سعی شده است تا مدلی شناختی از این فرایند بر اساس رویکردهایی از مفاهیم محاسباتی و با تمرکز بر تعامل دوطرفه بین HPC و mPFC ارائه شود. مدل پیشنهادی در بر گیرندهی مهمترین نواحی مغزی فعال در ناوبری با استفاده از نقشهی شناختی بوده و بر اساس نحوهی عملکرد و تعاملات بین نواحی مختلف مغزی، توصیفهایی را بر مبنای مفاهیم سنکرونی بین نوسانگرها ارائه میکند. در این مدل بر اساس فرایند سنکرونی در انتقال اطلاعات و ماهیت عملکرد مبتنی بر قواعد واحد mPFC در کنترل واحدهای گیجگاهی میانی، ایدهی استفاده از مجموعههای نورونی وندرپل و پایگاه قواعد کنترلی مطرح شده است. همچنین با تحلیل و ارائهی شواهد نشان داده شده است که این مدل در راستای توجیه اختلالات عملکردی و شناختی در ناوبری و طراحی و پیشبینی اثر پروتکلهای درمانی و توانبخشی در بیماریهای مرتبط با این عملکرد شناختی نظیر آلزایمر میتواند مفید و کاربردی باشد.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
A Cognitive Model of Spatial Navigation: Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex Interaction
نویسندگان [English]
- Maryam Moghadam, 1
- Farzad Towhidkhah 2
- Golnaz Baghdadi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Cybernetics and Modeling of Biological Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Cybernetics and Modeling of Biological Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Postdoc Researcher, Cybernetics and Modeling of Biological Systems Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
In cognition physiology and neuroscience, spatial memory is responsible for the maintenance and recall of information related to environmental details, orientation, and spatial navigation. The brain’s cognitive functions including navigation are executed through correlated and sequential activities of different regions. According to previous research, navigation is largely related to the activities of the Hippocampus (HPC) and the Medial Temporal Lobe (MTL), and retrieval of spatial memories from these regions is controlled by the frontal region and specifically medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In this paper we attempt to provide a navigation cognitive model based on computational concepts focusing on bidirectional interaction between HPC and mPFC. This model is provided considering 1. The lack of a comprehensive cognitive model of navigation on a previously learned path and ambiguities regarding the information transferring between the regions, and 2. Disagreement between available models and the currently known actual information flow occurring within the brain. The model is inclusive of the active brain regions engaged in navigation using the cognitive map. Furthermore, we propose a computational model based on van-der-pol neuron pools and controlling rule-base, which is naturally related to the actual brain activity through the synchrony mechanism for information transfer and the mPFC rule-based control of the medial temporal lobe. Finally, by analyzing and presenting evidence, we have shown that the model can be beneficial and practical for describing cognitive and functional disorders in navigation, also for design and prediction of the outcomes of therapeutic and rehabilitation protocols in diseases related to spatial navigation, such as the Alzheimer’s disease.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Navigation
- Interaction
- Hippocampus
- Medial Prefrontal Cortex
- Vanderpol
- Rules Base
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